![被遗忘的战争:咸丰同治年间广东土客大械斗研究](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/336/51191336/b_51191336.jpg)
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阮元《广东通志》所载“广东总图”
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宣统《恩平县志》所载“县境全图”
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记载“斗祸”之事甚详的民国《赤溪县志》
题署者吴道镕系民初岭东书法名家。
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民国《赤溪县志》卷八《赤溪开县事纪》首页(古进摄)
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广东台山市赤溪镇(清赤溪厅,民元改赤溪县)象岭村杨氏老屋
与该民居并列的有六个大门,前后各数进。为同治十年(1871)、光绪二年(1876)两任赤溪协左营中军都司的杨逢春旧宅。
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赤溪镇象岭村杨氏老屋堂屋正中摆放的祖先牌位
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赤溪镇东碉楼
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客家人盛放先人骸骨的“金罂”
2003年2月,笔者于赤溪镇获准参加一张姓老人(享年85岁)的葬礼,得知虽然现在实行火葬,客家人仍将骨灰置于这种陶罐中。另外,客家人于红白喜事、节庆时分多贴对联,古风盎然。笔者于此次葬礼上见到一本记载各种仪节、联语的抄本,如《新华字典》大小。据几位相帮丧事的老先生说,此书系清代遗留,民国抄本。客家人遇有事故,即用以参照变通。
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台山市田头镇(原新宁县田头堡)冲金山
清军围攻田头、赤溪时,驻营其间。粤抚蒋益澧在山顶巡视后,最终决定“改剿为抚”。
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台山市赤溪镇人民政府,驻田头镇(原田头堡)
与之相对的右前方即冲金山,钟日平摄。
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台山市广海镇(原新宁县广海寨)碉楼之一(现为谢姓住宅)
谢姓于抗日战争前购得此楼,楼面有炮弹坑数处。
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广海烽火台之一,始建于明朝抗倭之时
广海地方富庶,形势重要,素为兵家必争之地,“斗祸”期间曾发生著名的“广海之战”。
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恩平歇马村梁氏宗祠大门
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恩平歇马村梁氏宗祠“春祭”祭台正面
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恩平歇马村《梁氏族谱》(复印件)
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《梁氏族谱》所记曾任户部主事、礼部郎中等职的恩平土绅梁元桂事迹(部分)
梁曾主持恩平土客联和之事,未成。
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恩平歇马村土绅梁元桂考取进士后所立石碑
类似石碑数通,在“文革”时被掀入碑身后的锦江。近年,歇马旅港人士梁佐先生建设乡里,尤重保护文物,该石碑亦得重见天日。
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清代恩平歇马村梁日爵练武所遗器具
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曾发生多次战事的鹤山云乡今貌
云乡镇为今日鹤山市的纯客居地。(区嘉权摄)
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流经广东佛山高明区的西江一段
洪兵与清军、土客双方都曾在西江高明、肇庆段发生战事。
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高明县土绅杨琳致广东官府某大员控诉“客祸”的信函(复印件),原件藏英国外交部(倪俊明、温春来提供)
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月山镇日龙村许氏宗祠(李玉祥摄)
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开平碉楼
始于明末。“斗祸”期间及之后,开平县民纷纷出洋谋生,在国外稍有积蓄,莫不怀着恋乡情结,或汇款,或亲自回乡,买地、建房,娶妻。而清末至民国,县境尤为不靖,具有强大防御功能的碉楼大量出现,且带有世界各地的建筑文化背景。现登记在册者1833座。(李玉祥摄)
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某文人王芝堂上洪兵大元帅甘先之《攻羊城策》
选自刘志伟、陈玉环主编:《叶名琛档案—两广督府衙门档案残牍》第7辑,广州:广东人民出版社,2010年。
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“洪兵围攻广州形势图”,原档F.O.931/1938
选自华林甫编:《英国国家档案馆庋藏近代中文舆图》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2009年,第204页。
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“广东东安、新兴、阳春三县塘汛图说”之《新兴县图》,原档F.O.931/1950
选自华林甫编:《英国国家档案馆庋藏近代中文舆图》,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2009年,第234页。
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作者与孔飞力教授合影(2006年2月于哈佛大学)