GRE百日百句百题:句子解析与练习
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Day 7

实战演练

Sparva, unlike Treland's other provinces, requires automobile insurers to pay for any medical treatment sought by someone who has been involved in an accident; in the other provinces, insurers pay for nonemergency t r eAtment only if they preapprove the treatment.Clearly, Sparva's less restrictive policy must be the explanation for the fact that altogether insurers there pay for far more treatments after accidents than insurers in other provinces, even though Sparva does not have the largest population.

——GRE OG 2nd Edition, Practice Test 1, Section 4, Verbal Reasoning

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A.Car insurance costs more in Sparva than in any other province.

B.The cost of medical care in Sparva is higher than the national average.

C.Different insurance companies have different standards for determining what co n stitutes emergency treatment.

D.Fewer insurance companies operate in Sparva than in any other province.

E.There are fewer traffic accidents annually in Sparva than in any of the provinces of comparable or greater population.

答案:E

答案解析

题干中问以下哪个选项,如果是真的,最能支持文中的观点呢?文中的观点认为:是Sparva限制性较低的政策导致了该地区的保险商在事故后总共支付的医疗费用比其他省的保险商所支付的费用高很多。那么要支持这个观点,其他也可能导致Sparva地区比其他省的保险商支付费用高的因素就不能选。选项E“Sparva地区每年发生的交通事故要比其他人口数量不低于Sparva的省份少”正确,因为如果Sparva地区每年发生的交通数量多,那么就有可能是因为数量多才导致支付的费用高,所以选项E排除了另外一种因素,所以正确。

选项A“Sparva地区的汽车保险费用要比其他省要高”和选项D“Sparva地区保险公司数目要比其他省的少”不正确。保费的高低和保险公司的多少跟需要支付的医疗费用没有直接关系,只有发生事故后才需要支付医疗费用,所以不能支持文中的观点。选项B,“Sparva地区的医疗成本高于全国平均水平”不但不能加强反而可能削弱了原文观点,因为这恰恰可能是除了Sparva地区限制性较低的政策之外,比其他地区支付较高医疗保险费用的另一个原因。选项C“不同的保险公司对于什么是紧急治疗有不同的标准”不正确,文中提到Sparva地区的保险商会支付任何医疗费用(不区分紧急、非紧急),所以该选项与文中想表达的观点没有直接联系。

英文重现

Sparva, unlike Treland's other provinces, requires automobile insurers to pay for any medical treatment sought by someone who has been involved in an accident; in the other provinces, insurers pay for nonemergency treatment only if they preapprove the treatment.Clearly, Sparva's less restrictive policy must be the explanation for the fact that altogether insurers there pay for far more treatments after accidents than insurers in other provinces, even though Sparva does not have the largest population.

解析

1.两个逗号之间的部分“unlike Treland's other provinces”为句子的插入部分,阅读时可以先跳过,所以“require”是Sparva执行的动作,用的是第三人称单数。

2.“sought by someone who has been involved in an accident”是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的“medical treatment”,其中“sought”的动词原形是“seek”(要求),“who has been involved in an accident”为定语从句修饰“someone”,“be involved in”意思为“卷入……中”。

3.“only if”意思为“only on the condition that/as long as”(只要/假如),“if”引导条件从句,用于陈述一个事实或者一个必要的条件,比只有“if”引导的条件状语从句语气更为强烈。但要注意与“if only”区别开来,后者通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气,表示“要是……就好了”。试比较下面两个例子:

a.Only if you study hard, you will pass the exam.(你只有好好学习才能通过考试。)

b.If only I wereAbird!(我要是一只小鸟该多好啊!)

4.“that altogeth e r …largest population”是“that”引导的同位语从句,是前面“the fact”的同位语,进一步说明“fact”的内容。从句的主干为“insurers pay for far more treatments”。从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词或者短语的内容,作用相当于名词,对前面的名词或短语加以补充说明或进一步解释。一般被同位语从句修饰的名词都为抽象的内容,引导同位语从句的“that”是不可省略的,且在从句中不充当任何成分,只起到连接的作用。

5.介宾短语的作用有:作定语、作状语、作表语。如:

Hand me the book on the table.(定语)

把桌子上的书递给我。

The boys are running along the lake.(状语)

这些男孩在沿着湖边跑步。

The oranges are in the box.(表语)

这些橙子是在箱子里。

此处“in other provinces”即作为定语,修饰“insurers”。

6.“even though”与“even if”均可以引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”、“尽管”,两者的差别在于“even if”引导的从句是往往是假设性的,因此有时还可用于虚拟语气,比如:

Even if he had the time, he wouldn't go to the party.

即使他有时间,他也不会去参加派对。

而“even though”引导的从句内容往往是真实的,主要用于引出不利用于主句情况的信息。

词义辨析

参考翻译

Sparva与Treland的其他省不同,要求汽车保险商支付任何卷入事故者所要求的医疗费用;在其他省,保险商仅在他们(保险商)预先批准的情况下支付非紧急治疗费用。很明显,Sparva限制性较低的政策解释了这样一个事实:Sparva地区的保险商在事故后总共支付的医疗费用比其他省的保险商(所支付的费用)高很多,尽管Sparva没有最多的人口。