六级词汇分频精讲速记
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List 3

acquire [ə'kwaiə]

vt. 取得,获得,学到

【例】Habits acquired in youth—notably smoking and drinking—may increase the risk of chronic diseases in a person's later life. (2006.12)一个人在年轻时养成的习惯,特别是抽烟、喝酒,可能会增加他以后患慢性疾病的风险。

additional [ə'diʃənəl]

a. 附加的,追加的

【例】As soon as the first evidence is found, we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly. (2008.6)只要发现第一个证据,我们就会知道要寻找什么,并且其他的发现会接踵而至。

appearance [ə'piərəns]

n. 出现,露面;外观,外表;出庭

【例】Olive's sudden appearance surprises me greatly. 奥利夫的突然出现让我大吃一惊。

to all appearances 就外表看来,根据观察推断:To all appearances the dog was dead. 从外表看这条狗已经死了。

make/put in an appearance 出场,露面:Although you don't want to go to the party, you'd better put in an appearance. 尽管你不想参加那个派对,可你最好还是去露一下面。

【考】outward appearance 外貌

approve [ə'pruːv]

vt. 赞成,同意;称许;批准,对…表示认可

vi. 赞成,称许

【例】approve of sb./sth. 赞成,认可:Some doctors don't approve of cosmetic surgery. 一些医生不赞成整形手术。

【用】反义词为disapprove。

【派】approving (a. 赞许的);approval (n. 赞成;批准)

【辨】approve, authorize

approve既可以表示个人的认同,也可以表示官方或正式地批准通过方案、提案等;authorize意为“批准,授权”,主要指授予某种法定的权力或自行处理的权力,如Congress can authorize the President to declare war.

authority [ɔː'θɔrəti]

n. 权力,管辖权;[pl.] 官方,当局;当权者,行政管理机构;权威,专家

【例】in authority 当权,持有权力的地位:The organization gained the support of someone in authority. 该组织获得了权力部门的支持。

The local authorities did a lot to prevent the famine. 地方当局为防止发生饥荒做了许多工作。

【考】an academic authority 学术权威

background ['bækgraund]

n. 背景资料;(画等的)背景;出身背景,经历

character ['kærəktə]

n. 性格,品质;性质,特性;人物,角色;(书写或印刷)符号,(汉)字

【例】in character (与自身特性)相符:It's not in Amanda's character to be jealous. 嫉妒可不是阿曼达的性格。

【考】out of character (与自身特性)不相符

【派】characterize (v. 以…为特征)

characteristic [ˌkærəktə'ristik]

n. 特性,特征

a. 特有的,典型的

【例】Sentimentality seems a common characteristic of all the writers of that period. 多愁善感似乎是那个阶段所有作家的共同特征。

【派】characteristically (ad. 表示特性地)

climate ['klaimit]

n. 气候,气候区;风气,气氛

【例】economic climate 经济气候

【派】climatic (a. 气候的);climatically (ad. 气候上地)

commit [kə'mit]

vt. 犯(错误、罪行等),干(蠢事、坏事等);把…托付给,把…置于;调拨…供使用;使承担义务,使承诺

【例】commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于…;致力于…:Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to commit them to military service. (2010.12) 缺少年轻人的国家更不愿意派遣年轻人去服兵役。

【考】commit to 把…托付给,把…置于;commit suicide 自杀

【派】committed (a. 忠于…的)

compete [kəm'piːt]

vi. 竞争,比赛,对抗

【例】Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. (2007.6)胜卫·雷诺兹认为,现在的女孩子采用更自信的语言策略以便在校内外能够和男孩子竞争。

complex ['kɔmpleks]

a. 复杂的,难懂的;由许多部分组成的,复合的

n. 综合体,集合体;情结,夸大的情绪反应

【例】a complex problem 一个复杂的问题

The young man suffered from a guilt complex.年轻人被一种犯罪情结折磨。

【派】complexity (n. 复杂性)

confirm [kən'fəːm]

vt. 证实,肯定;批准;进一步确定;加强,坚定(信念等)

【例】Six people have confirmed that they will be attending the meeting and ten haven't replied yet. 已有6人确定出席这次会议,还有10人尚未答复。

【派】confirmation (n. 确认;证实,批准);confirmed (a. 根深蒂固的)

conserve [kən'səːv]

vt. 保护;保藏,保存

【例】We should try our best to conserve resources. 我们应该尽力保护资源。

【用】常和strength, health, resources等词连用。

【派】conservative (a. 保守的n. 保守派);conservation (n. 保存,保持)

corporate ['kɔːpərət]

a. 法人团体的,公司的;全体的,共同的

【例】a corporate body 法人//corporate responsibility 共同责任

【用】只能用于名词前作定语。

decline [di'klain]

n. 下降,减少;衰退

vi. 下降,减少;衰退,衰落;谢绝,拒绝

vt. 谢绝,拒绝

【例】on the decline 在衰退中:According to the survey, “Reading is on the decline in every region, within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.”(2006.12) 根据调查,每个区域、每个种族和每个教育水平内的阅读都在衰退。

The critic declined to comment on this article. 批评家拒绝对这篇文章作出评论。

【派】declining (a. 下降的,衰退的)

【辨】reject, decline, refuse

reject意为“拒绝”,表示拒绝与某人有任何来往,断绝瓜葛,有一种否定或是敌对的态度,如Nancy rejected her ex-husband's offer of help; decline也有“拒绝”的意思,主要用于礼貌地拒绝邀请、帮助或服务等;refuse则表示明确果断地拒绝,可能会有一些不礼貌。

deliberate [di'libərət][di'libəreit]

a. 故意的,蓄意的;慎重的,深思熟虑的

v. 仔细考虑,思考

【例】deliberate on/about/over sth. 考虑…:The jury took five days to deliberate on this case without reaching a verdict. 陪审团花了5天的时间来考虑这起案件,但没有作出裁决。

【派】deliberately (ad. 故意地;深思熟虑地);deliberateness/deliberation (n. 故意;深思熟虑)

deserve [di'zəːv]

vt. 应受,应得;值得

【例】deserve it 应得的:M: I've won the scholarship for the next semester.

W: I knew you would. You certainly deserve it.

M: 我获得了下学期的奖学金。

W: 我知道你会得。这是你应得的。

【派】deserved (a. 应得的);deserving (a. 理应获得的);deservedly (ad. 应得地,理所当然地)

efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]

n. 效率,效能,功效

【例】economic efficiency 经济效益

enhance [in'hɑːns; in'hæns]

vt. 提高,增加,加强

【例】Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. (2016.6)很多当代的关于厨房设计的构想源于另一位美国人——克里斯汀·弗雷德里克,他试图提高家庭主妇的效率。

【派】enhanced (a. 增强的,提高的);enhancement (n. 增加)

【辨】enhance, heighten

enhance意为“提高,增强”,强调完善、提高,增强优点,如This will enhance his reputation.; heighten也意为“提高,加强”,主要指高度地提升或使感情、情绪等更剧烈,如There are fears that the incident will heighten racial tension.

expand [ik'spænd]

vt. 扩大,扩张,膨胀

【例】expand one's knowledge扩大知识面:Extensive reading is a good way to expand your knowledge. 广泛阅读是扩大知识面的好方法。

The computer industry all over the world has expanded greatly over the last decade. 在过去的十年间,全球的计算机业迅猛发展。

【用】expand和expend为形近词,expand意为“扩大,膨胀;扩张”;expend意为“花费,支出”。

【派】expansion (n. 扩张,膨胀);expanding (a. 扩大的)

extinct [ik'stiŋkt]

a. 灭绝的,绝种的;(火山等)不再活跃的;(火等)熄灭了的;(风俗等)已废弃的

【例】With all that attention paid to turtles, you'd think these creatrues would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. (2009.6)基于对海龟的所有关注,你会以为这些动物至少会因没有灭绝心存感激。

graduate ['grædjuət] ['grædjueit]

n. (尤指大学)毕业生;研究生

a. 研究生的

v. (使)毕业

【例】graduate from 毕业于:Rebecca graduated from medical school last year. 去年,丽贝卡从医学院毕业了。

【用】作形容词时只在名词前作定语。

【派】graduation (n. 毕业);undergraduate (n. 大学生);postgraduate (n. 研究生)

insight ['insait]

n. 洞察力,洞悉,顿悟

【例】have an insight into sth. 对…有深入了解:I managed to have an insight into main facts. 我没法了解主要事实。

【考】give/offer/provide/contribute insight into 对…提出见解

【派】insightful (a. 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的)

instruct [in'strʌkt]

vt. 指示,命令;通知;教育,指导

【例】The forces are instructed to wait here until the commander arrives. 军队得到指示在这里等候,直到指挥官到达。

instruct sb. in sth. 教某人某种技巧:Gary works in a sports centre instructing people in the use of the gym equipment. 加里在一家体育中心指导如何使用健身设备。

【派】instruction (n. 教育,指导);instructive (a. 有益的;知识丰富的)

intellect ['intəlekt]

n. 智力,理解力;才智非凡的人

【例】Our physical strength declines with age, but not necessarily our intellect. 随着年纪的增长我们的体力会下降,而智力却不一定会。

【考】a man of intellect 有才智的人

intellectual [ˌintə'lektjuəl]

a. 智力的;有才智的

n. 知识分子

【例】intellectual property rights 知识产权//intellectual ability 智能

【用】注意区分形近词intelligent(a. 聪明的,智能的);intellectual强调的是智力的、显示智力的。

medium ['miːdiəm]

n. 新闻媒介,传播媒介;媒质,媒介物,传导体;手段,工具

a. 中等的,适中的

【例】medium and small-sized enterprises 中小型企业

【用】复数形式是media。

moral ['mɔrəl;'mɔːrəl]

a. 道德(上)的,有道德的

n. [pl.]道德,品行,道德规范;寓意

【例】moral sense 道德观念

【派】morality (n. 道德);moralism (n. 道德教育,道德准则);moralistic (a. 道德观念的)

obscure [əb'skjuə]

a. 费解的;模糊不清的;不著名的,不重要的

vt. 使变模糊;掩盖

【例】For some obscure reasons, Tom got fired. 不知什么原因汤姆被解雇了。

【派】obscured (a. 晦涩的,暗的;朦胧的);obscurity (n. 费解,隐晦)

【辨】faint, gloomy, indefinite, obscure

faint意为“模糊的,隐约的”,多指看不清楚的、听不清楚的或闻不清楚的,如the faint outline of the cliffs; gloomy意为“黑暗的,阴暗的”,带有令人沮丧或恐惧的意味;indefinite意为“不确定的,含糊的”,强调不明确的;obscure意为“费解的,模糊的,晦涩的”,侧重于不易理解,如an obscure article。

participant [pɑː'tisipənt]

n. 参加者,参与者

【例】Rose was an active participant in the debate. 辩论中罗斯是个积极的参与者。

【派】participance (n. 参与);participate (vi. 参与,参加)

privacy ['privəsi;'praivəsi]

n. (不受干扰的)个人自由;隐私,私生活,私事

【例】You should respect my privacy. 你应该尊重我的隐私。

【派】private (a. 私人的;秘密的)

response [ri'spɔns]

n. 回答,答复;反应,响应

【例】The prime minister's words provoked an angry response. 首相的言论引起了愤怒的回应。

in response to 作为对…的反应:Colleges, for their part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallurgical engineers, partly in response to the reduced role of manufacturing, a big employer of them.(2013.6) 对他们来说,大学自从1985年以来培养出的化学、机械、工业和冶金方面的工程师更少了,部分原因归结于制造业重要性的衰减,而制造业正是他们最大的雇主。

【派】responsive (a. 响应的)

transaction [træn'zækʃən]

n. 交易,业务

【用】常用于比较正式的场合。

transfer [træns'fəː] ['trænsfə]

vt. 搬,转移;调动,转学;转让,过户

vi. 迁移,转移;调动,转学;转车,换乘

n. 转移,调动;转车,换乘

【例】Our calls would often get mixed up and someone asking for Kristen would be transferred to Christie. (2007.12)我们的电话经常被搞混,找克里斯滕的电话会被转接到克里斯蒂那儿。

trend [trend]

n. 趋向,趋势,倾向;时尚

ultimate ['ʌltimət]

a. 最后的,最终的;极端的,最大的,最高的

n. 终极,顶点,极限

【例】The hotel is the ultimate in luxury. 这家旅馆奢华到了极点。

【派】ultimately (ad. 最后,终于)

absorb [əb'sɔːb]

vt. 吸收;吸引…的注意,使全神贯注;把…并入,同化

【例】I watch my little daughter's face as she absorbs the powerful onslaught of arousing visuals and bloody special effects in movies. (2006.12)我注视着我小女儿的脸,而她沉浸于电影中强大的视觉冲击力和血腥特效。

access ['ækses]

n. 通道,入口;接近(进入,享用)的机会

vt. 存取(计算机文件)

【例】have access to 有接近…的机会:The tax inspector had complete access to the company files. 税务检查员能够直接接触到公司的完整档案。

【派】accessible (a. 可接近的,可进入的);accessibility (n. 易接近;可到达)

account [ə'kaunt]

n. 账,账户;解释,说明;记述,描述,报告

vi. 说明…的原因;(在数量、比例方面)占

【例】account for 是…的原因;(在数量、比例等方面)占:Agricultrue is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption. (2016.6) 农业是高耗水行业,占全球淡水消耗量的近百分之七十。

by all accounts 据大家所知:By all accounts, light travels faster than sound. 众所周知,光速比音速快。

take into account 考虑:A good architect takes into account the building's surroundings. 一个好的建筑师会把建筑物的周边环境考虑在内。

【考】on account of 因为,由于;of no account 不重要的;on no account 决不

【派】accountability (n. 负有责任);accountable (a. 应作解释的,应负责的);accounting (n. 会计学)

addition [ə'diʃən]

n. 加起来,增加;加,加法;增加的人 (或物),附加物

【例】in addition to 加上,除…外:In addition to his movie work, Edward is known as a CEO of a company. 除电影工作外,爱德华还是一家公司的首席执行官。

【考】in addition 另外

adjust [ə'dʒʌst]

vt. 校正,调整;调节,改变…以适应

vi. 适应

【例】From 1995 to 2004,inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. (2007.6)从1995年到2004年,调整通货膨胀后的平均家庭收入增长了14.3%,达到43200美元。

capacity [kə'pæsəti]

n. 容量,容积;才能,能力;身份,职位

【例】The new stadium has a seating capacity of 20,000. 这个新建的体育场可以容纳2万人。

【考】in one's capacity as... 以…的身份

【辨】ability, capacity

ability指人做某事的能力,主语为人,也可以指实际的能力,可以是天生的,也可是后天习得的;capacity既可以指人的能力,也可以指物的能力,强调善于接受的能力,是潜在的能力。

complicated ['kɔmplikeitid]

a. 复杂的,难懂的;捉摸不透的

【派】uncomplicated (a. 简单的)

cope [kəup]

vi. (成功地)应付,(妥善地)处理

【例】cope with 应对,处理:Local authorities must cope with the problems of pollution. 地方当局必须妥善处理污染问题。

crime [kraim]

n. 罪,罪行,犯罪

descend [di'send]

vi. 下来,下降;起源 (于);是…的后裔;袭击;把身份降至,沦为

vt. 走下,爬下

【例】descend from 起源于;是…的后裔:This festival descends from a folktale. 这个节日源于一个民间故事。

The balloon began to descend and landed near an airfield. 气球开始下降,落在了机场附近。

【考】descend to 沦为,把身份降至

【派】descent (n. 下降)

ensue [in'sjuː]

vi. 因而产生,接着发生,接踵而来

【例】ensue from 结果产生:These problems ensue from medical shortages. 这些问题是由药物短缺造成的。

【派】ensuing (a. 随后的)

exceed [ik'siːd]

vt. 超过,越出

【例】In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. (2012.12) 在中国,家庭存款比率超过百分之二十。

【考】exceed one's authority 越权;exceed speed limit 超速

【派】exceeding (a. 超过的);exceedingly (ad. 非常)

excessive [ik'sesiv]

a. 过多的,过分的,过度的

【例】Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems. (2004.1)大剂量用药会导致一些问题,包括失血过多以及神经系统的问题。

【考】excessive working 操劳过度

existence [ig'zistəns]

n. 存在;生存,生活(方式)

【例】come into existence 产生:Scientists have many theories about how and when the mammal first came into existence. 关于哺乳动物如何形成、何时出现的问题,科学家们有很多理论。

be in existence 产生:The organization has been in existence for 15 years. 这家机构已经成立15年了。

【派】coexistence (n. 共存,共处)

featrue ['fiːtʃə]

n. 特征,特色;[pl.] 面貌,相貌;特写,专题节目;故事片

vt. 突出;由…主演

【例】featrues of the times 时代特征//nice featrues 姣好的容貌

fund [fʌnd]

n. 基金,专款;[pl.] 存款,资金,现款;储备,蕴藏

vt. 为…提供资金,给…拨款

【例】The company has agreed to fund my further study to Australia. 公司同意为我提供资金去澳大利亚深造。

【考】raise funds(为特定目的)筹集资金

【派】funding (n. 资金,资助)

grant [grɑːnt; grænt]

vt. 授予,同意,准予

n. 拨款,授予物

【例】take... for granted 认为…是理所当然的;(因视作当然而)对…不予重视:Paul took it for granted that these young men would fall in love with his daughter. 保罗想当然地认为这些年轻人会爱上自己的女儿。

grant opportunity to 向…提供机会//Upon registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period of ten years. (2008.12) 一旦注册,商品商标通常有十年的授权期。

guarantee [ˌgɑːrən'tiː; ˌgærən'tiː]

vt. 保证,担保

n. 保证,保证书

【例】The fridge is guaranteed for three years. 这台冰箱保修3年。

Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. (2010.6)在发达国家中,只有两个国家不保证为需要照顾新生儿的员工提供带薪休假。

【辨】guarantee, safety, confirmation, conservation

guarantee意为“保证,担保;保证书”;safety意为“安全,保险;安全设备”,一般是不可数名词;confirmation意为“证实,确认;批准”;conservation意为“保存;保持;守恒”,也是不可数名词。

ideal [ai'diəl]

a. 理想的,完满的;想象的,空想的

n. 理想;理想的东西(或人)

【例】Dominic is the ideal person for the job. 多米尼克是这项工作的最佳人选。

My ideal would be to work hard and get rich. 我的理想就是努力工作挣钱发财。

【考】be ideal for sb. /sth. 适合…

【派】idealist (n. 理想主义者);idealize (vt. 理想化)

impose [im'pəuz]

vt. 把…强加于;征(税等);处以(罚款、监禁等)

【例】impose on/upon 把…强加于:Don't try to impose your wishes on us. 不要试图把你的愿望强加给我们。

【派】imposing (a. 壮观的;令人难忘的);imposition (n. 征税;强加)

indifferent [in'difərənt]

a. 冷漠的,不关心的,不积极的;一般的,(表现)平平的

【例】Natrue is indifferent to human notions of fairness. (2009.6)大自然对于人类的公平概念漠不关心。

interact [ˌintər'ækt]

vi. 相互作用,相互影响

【例】interact with 和…相互影响,和…互相作用:Actually teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each kid. 实际上,老师能和每个孩子进行互动的时间很有限。

【派】interactive (a. 交互式的;相互合作的);interaction (n. 相互作用)

investment [in'vestmənt]

n. 投资;投资额;(时间、精力等的)投入

【例】Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car?(2009.6)大学是像股票那样的投资产品还是像汽车那样的消费产品呢?

luxury ['lʌkʃəri]

n. 奢侈,华贵;奢侈品;享受,乐趣

【派】luxurious (a. 奢侈的)

negative ['negətiv]

a. 否定的;反面的,消极的;负的,阴性的

n. (照相的)负片,底片;负数

【例】a negative reply 否定的回答//negative effect 消极作用

notion ['nəuʃən]

n. 概念,观念;意图,想法,(怪)念头

【例】Some of his notions, which once sounded a bit weird, were simply ahead of their time. (2014.12) 他的一些曾经听起来有些古怪的想法,在他们的那个年代只是有些超前了。

【派】notional (a. 概念的;想象的)

persistent [pə'sistənt]

a. 坚持不懈的;执意的;持久的

【例】be persistent in 坚持:The little girl was never persistent in anything she did. (2004.6)小女孩从未坚持过自己所做的任何事。

【用】注意区分以下形近词:consistent(一致的),insistent(坚持不懈的),permanent (持久的,永久的)。

【派】persistence (n. 坚持)

poverty ['pɔvəti]

n. 贫穷,贫困

【例】poverty rate 贫困率//below the poverty line 在贫困线以下//Obama's success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. (2010.6)奥巴马的成功使人们忘记了相当大比例的美国黑人仍旧生活在贫困之中,当他们试图改善窘境时,仍面临着巨大的障碍。

【派】anti-poverty (a. 反贫困的)

procedure [prə'siːdʒə]

n. 程序,手续,步骤

【派】procedural (a. 程序上的,手续的)

purchase ['pəːtʃəs]

vt. 买,购买

n. 购买;购买的物品

【例】We plan to purchase our first house. 我们计划购买我们的第一套房子。

【考】purchasing power 购买力

【派】purchaser (n. 购买者)

rarely ['reəli]

ad. 不常,难得

reveal [ri'viːl]

vt. 揭露,泄露;展现,显示

【例】reveal sth. to sb. 把…透露给…:The doctor and his parents didn't reveal the truth to the patient. 医生和病人的父母都没有告诉他真相。

Although surveys reveal the IDP process to be useful, trainees report a need for additional resources to help them identify a long-term career path and complete an IDP. (2013.12) 尽管调查显示个人发展计划是有用的,但是受训者报告称需要额外的资源来帮助他们确定长期的职业道路和完成个人发展计划。

【派】revelation (n. 泄露的事实;揭示,透露)

suspicious [sə'spiʃəs]

a. 猜疑的,疑心的;可疑的;表示怀疑的

【例】be suspicious of sb./sth. 对…表示怀疑:The man was suspicious of us. 那个男人怀疑我们。

a suspicious natrue 多疑的性格

【辨】skeptical, suspicious

skeptical意为“怀疑性的,好怀疑的”,指人不相信别人说的话或某物,常用在短语be skeptical of/about sth. 中;suspicious意为“引起或易于引起怀疑的;对…表示怀疑的”,常见搭配是:be/become suspicious of/about sth./sb.。

urban ['əːbən]

a. 城市的,都市的

【例】Ten years ago, many urban schools were reporting drop-out rates between 35 and 50 percent. (2008.6)十年前,许多城市的学校就一直报告退学率在35%和50%之间。

whereas [weər'æz]

conj. 然而,但是,尽管

After the verb to love, to help is the most beautiful verb in the world.

除了“爱”以外,“帮助”是世界上最美的动词。