非洲岩画African Rock Art

非洲大陆幅员辽阔，岩画覆盖了十多个国家和地区，成为世界岩画艺术的重要组成部分。非洲岩画从内容、风格和绘制技术上分析，可分为北非与南非两大岩画体系，主要分布在撒哈拉沙漠地区及南非、斯威士兰、纳米比亚、津巴布韦等国家。岩画因时代、地域、制作方法的不同而各具特色，异彩纷呈，带有浓郁的地域特色和非凡的艺术感染力。

In the vast African continent,rock art is discovered in over a dozen of countries and regions and is an important component part of the world rock art.According to content,style and painting manner,African rock art falls into two major systems,North African rock art and South African rock art. They are mainly distributed in the Sahara Desert,South Africa,Swaziland, Namibia and Zimbabwe. Because of different times, regions and creating techniques, these rock arts display distinctive features,rich regional flavor and extraordinary artistic appeal.

阿尔及利亚岩画Rock Art in Algeria

阿尔及利亚塔西里岩画点。塔西里位于阿杰尔高原，塔西里在阿拉伯语里是“河流中的台地”。这里分布有大量的岩画遗存，都是撒哈拉沙漠化之前的作品。

Tassili site in Algeria: Tassili is in Tassili n'Ajjer Plateau. Tassili means"Plateau of the Rivers"in Arabic. A great amount of rock arts are distributed here, all of which were created before the desertification of Sahara.

画面中的人物造型很奇特。他牛首人身，蹒跚行走，肩上和腿上均长满蘑菇，似乎是一种幻觉，也似象征性的表意。

The figure is quite bizarre, who has a bull head and human body. Mushrooms grow on his shoulders and legs.It may be a hallucination or has a symbolic meaning.

画面中的两个人物俯身作劳作姿态，一人手拄棍状工具注目地下，一人手持弓箭与之配合，画面人体比例适当，动作优美，组合默契，把当年人们辛勤劳动的姿态活灵活现地表达出来，令人备感逼真、亲切。

The two figures are working.One man takes a stick tool looking at the ground and the other holds bow and arrow.The figures are in appropriate proportion with graceful postures.The scene of people diligently working is presented vividly.

画面最前边是几位体格健壮、丰韵多姿的妇女，她们做着舞蹈、嬉戏的动作，其身后静立一头巨牛。该画采用自然写实的手法，成功地塑造了人与动物的形象，使作品酝造出浓郁的乡土气息。

In the front are several handsome women who are dancing and playing.Behind them is a giant ox. The natural and realistic portrait successfully presents the images of human and animal and fills the work with special flavor.

该图描绘的是一位手持弓箭、跨步奔跑的勇士，他身形高大魁梧，浑身充满力量，于急速地奔跑中回头顾盼，似在紧张地狩猎，也似在英勇地战斗，画面给人以运动、紧张、力量的感觉。

The painting shows a running warrior with bow and arrow in his hand. He is of high stature and full of energy and looks back while running quickly. It seems that he is hunting or fighting bravely.The painting presents the feeling of action,nervousness and power.

该画描绘的是在一羊群中间，有两个化妆典雅的妇女迈着轻盈的步履在翩翩起舞。该画形象描绘逼真、细腻，造型优美，构图平稳。此画不仅反映出撒哈拉早期环境中人们的生活内容，也反映了该地良好的生态环境状况。

Two women wearing graceful makeup are dancing lightly among a herd of sheep. The painting is lifelike, delicate and graceful,which reflects people's life in early Sahara and the good ecological environment at that time.

利比亚岩画Rock Art in Libya

此岩画属利比亚年代较早的作品。两个猫科动物摆成人形互相对峙，似在搏斗。猫科动物经常出现在撒哈拉地区新石器时代的作品中。

This is a work of early period in Libya. Two feline animals standing upright seem to be fighting. Felines appear frequently in the Neolithic works in Sahara region.

此画描绘了一个妇女跳舞的形象。她身着裙衣，装扮讲究，翩然起舞，画面给人一种欢快、轻松的感觉。独舞形象在岩画中多有所见，往往与娱神有关。

A woman in dress is dancing lightly. The painting expresses a delightful and relaxed feeling. Single dancer is frequently seen in rock paintings, which is usually to please the gods.

南非岩画Rock Art in South Africa

这是一幅关于羚羊的特写画面，被描绘对象是一只体型肥硕，肌肉发达的成年羚羊。它正转过头来向后顾盼，似在招呼伙伴，也似在打理皮毛，给人一种矫健有力的动势。

This is a close-up of an adult oryx which has well-rounded strong body.It turns around to look back, probably calling its companions or combing its fur.

画面上是一群体格矫健，姿态不一的羚羊。作者不仅生动准确地抓住了它们的动势，而且运用丰富的色阶，渲染出了羚羊身体的体积感、质感，表现力很强。

A group of strong oryx in various postures are accurately captured in the painting. Rich colors are adopted to present the oryx's body texture.

该图为巫师给病人治病的情景。画面正中间是病人，斜靠在墙上，病人的前方是主治法师，正为病人治病；画面最左边，也是一位法师，在配合着主治法师。此作品人物造型准确、生动，画面酝造了深沉、凝重、神秘的色彩。

It is a scene of a wizard curing an ill man.The sick one in the middle leans against the wall,in front of whom is the wizard applying his therapy.The man on the left is also a wizard who assists the main wizard. The figures are accurately and vividly portrayed and the painting shows profound,solemn and mysterious color.

此岩画发现于南非开普省，表现了很多人围猎非洲象的生动场景。气氛紧张，形象生动。

It is a rock painting discovered in Cape Province, South Africa, which depicts the vigorous scene of people besieging an African elephant, with nervous atmosphere and lifelike images.

布须曼人个头低矮，岩画中往往刻意拉长人物的身材，是对高大身材的一种向往。此画描绘了两个手拿棍状东西的人物形象，从姿势和头部的符号来看，似乎是和别的人物发生了什么冲突，也似在进行巫术活动。

The Bushmens are short in stat-ure thus the figures in rock paintings are usually deliberately elongated. It may reflect their yearning for tall stature. Two men holding sticks are depicted. According to their posture and head symbols, probably they had conflict with others or are practicing witchcraft.

埃塞俄比亚岩画Rock Art in Ethiopia

该岩画用凿刻和磨刻两种方法制成。描绘对象为牛群，造型手法较为雷同，但作者能够巧妙地利用石头的肌理，以浮雕的表达方式，将多个牛错落有序地安排在画面上，也给人以特别的视觉美感。

Pecking and polishing are adopted to depict the images of buffaloes. The carving manners are similar, but the creator smartly used the texture of the rock to present the buffaloes in relief and produce special visual effect.

尼日尔岩画Rock Art in Niger

画面利用一长条石头的表面，由大到小，错落有致地刻画了牧人和众多牛的形象。牧人悠闲地站在牛群旁，牛则个个抬头静立，一片安详，仿佛草足水饱，迎着晚霞观望。此画制作精细，布局独特，给人以开阔、深邃的意境。

The petroglyph utilizes the surface of a long rock to present the images of cowherd and many cattle arranged from big to small.The cowherd stands besides the herd,quite at ease.Each cattle stands peacefully and looks up to the sunset,seeming to be satisfied.The delicate carving and special composition present a profound artistic feeling.

岩画描绘了几只长颈鹿的形象。采用写实的表达手法，细腻、精致、生动地刻绘了热带大陆的这种动物，是作者熟悉生活、热爱生活的真实写照。

The some giraffes are carved in a realistic manner. The accurate and delicate depiction of this animal living on the tropical land is the real reflection of the creator's love for life.

该图描绘人物形象怪异，画面上的人物全是大头小身子。她们身着裙装，头部呈现为郁金香花形状，看上去很是奇特。据考查，这些岩刻的年代可早到2500年以前。

The petroglyph presents bizarre human images with big heads and small bodies.They are all in dress and the heads take on a tulip-like shape.It is estimated that the carving was created in 2500 years ago.

津巴布韦岩画Rock Art in Zimbabwe

画面中最突出者为两个侧卧的人物。可能因为身份比较高，这两人体形刻画得明显比其余人大，且神态悠闲，穿着、装饰也比较特别。他们身旁活动着一些身形很小的人，当为身份与地位低下者，其文化内涵有待深入研究。

The most noticeable are the two characters lying on their sides.Possibly because of their high status, the two figures are obviously larger than the rest characters and appear to be at ease. Their dresses and ornaments are also quite special. The small persons around them are estimated to be of low status.Its cultural implication is still to be studied further.

纳米比亚岩画Rock Art in Namibia

岩画褪色比较严重。从幸存的画面可以看出，它上面有许多人物和种类较多的动物。反映了当年原始人群居时期的生活情景，也映照出当年人与动物之间的密切关系。

The painting has faded seriously.From the survived part it can be seen that many men and animals of different species are included.It reflects the life of the primitives at the gregarious life period and the intimate relationship between human and animal.

岩画出自纳米比亚勃兰德比尔格山。画中人物一手握着弓箭，一手拿着一朵像荷花似的东西，头发、胳膊、腿和腰部均挂有饰品。曾经有不少人认为这是一位“贵妇”，但据后来学者的研究，认为画中人物当是一位黑人王子。

It is from Brandberg Mountain. The man in the painting holds a bow in one hand and a lotus-like thing in the other.He has ornaments on his hair,arms,legs and waist.Quite a few people consider the figure as a"noble lady", but according to scholars later,this is a black prince.

坦桑尼亚岩画Rock Art in Tanzania

画面描绘了三个行走的人物。该画用极其夸张的手法，把人体有意刻画得细长，头部很大，给人非常神秘的感觉。

The painting depicts three walking men. They are deliberately drawn as long and slim figure with very big head, which produces a mysterious atmosphere.

马里岩画Rock Art in Mali

该处石壁上密密麻麻地布满了人面像、符号等岩画，形成壮观的景象。它是当地一个古老部族举行割礼仪式的神圣场所。崖壁上的面具图案，是接受割礼的人请求宽恕的各种神灵的象征。

The cliff is covered with dense human faces and symbols,which forms a grand spectacle.It is the sacred place for holding circumcision of an ancient local tribe.The masks on the cliff represent the people who receive the circumcision asking for pardon from gods.

乍得岩画Rock Art in Chad

画面描绘了7个女人体。她们体形丰满，姿态优雅。作者用细密、有序的线条为她们的身体作了文身，使得人物更显得妩媚华贵，温柔可爱。总之，它是一幅颇费心思，极具装饰风味的艺术作品。

The seven women in the painting have plump body and graceful posture. The creator tattooed them with compact lines which make them more enchanting and lovely. It is a decorative artwork full of the creator's delicate idea.